Pengaruh adukan dan kepekatan partikel silicon karbida sebagai penguat terhadap kelakuan salutan komposit matriks nikel

Affordable quality housing is vital in developing countries to meet its growing population. Development of a new cost effective system is crucial to fulfill these demands. In view of this, a study is carried out to develope a Precast Lightweight Foamed Concrete Sandwich Panel (PLFP), as a new affordable building system. Experimental investigation and finite element analysis to study the structural behaviour of the PLFP panel under axial load is undertaken. The panel consists of two foamed concrete wythes and a polystyrene insulation layer in between the wythes. The wythes are reinforced with high tensile steel bars and tied up to each other through the polystyrene layer by steel shear connectors bent at an angle of 45º. The panels are loaded with axial load until failure. The ultimate load carrying capacity, load-lateral deflection profile, strain distributions, and the failure mode are recorded. Partial composite behaviour is observed in all specimens when the cracking load is achieved. Finite element analysis is also carried out to study the effect of slenderness ratio and shear connectors which are the major parameters that affect the strength and behaviour of the panels. An empirical equation to predict the maximum load carrying capacity of the panels is proposed. The PLFP system proposed in this research is able to achieve the intended strength for use in low rise building. Considering its lightweight and precast construction method, it is feasible to be developed further as a competitive IBS building system

A Short Review on Aluminium Smelting and Its Future Prospect in Malaysia Metal Industries

Domestic demand for aluminium had increased during the past several years and expected to grow in the future. Non-ferrous metal like aluminium was important because of desirable properties such as low weight despite the higher cost compared to ferrous metals .The main process in the aluminum industries sector which produce aluminium sheets/foils, aluminium fin stock, aluminium ingots (recycled), aluminium rods and aluminium extruded profiles was come from aluminium smelting process. The non-ferrous metal such as aluminium industries provided linkages mainly in the construction industry, semiconductor industry, transportation industry and packaging industry

Pengaruh Adukan Dan Kepekatan Partikel Silikon Karbida Sebagai Penguat Terhadap Kelakuan Salutan Komposit Matriks Nikel

Di dalam penyelidikan ini, salutan komposit matriks nikel (Ni) yang diperkuat dengan partikel silikon karbida (SiC) telah diendapkan ke atas substrat keluli lembut secara sadur elektrik. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dalam tiga peringkat kajian: Peringkat I, Peringkat II dan Peringkat III. Peringkat I melibatkan pengelektroendapan nikel tulen menerusi elektrolit Watts pada suhu 21-22°C dan julat ketumpatan arus daripada 10 mA/cm2 kepada 50 mA/cm2. Dengan menggunakan ketumpatan arus 30 mA/cm2 salutan nikel tulen yang paling keras iaitu 293 Hv terhasil. Ketumpatan arus ini digunakan pada kedua-dua peringkat ujikaji

Study of physio-mechanical properties of refractory fireclay for production of furnace lining

This study focused on the Gombe fireclay that is under-utilized despite its abundance as essential ingredient for the manufacture of refractories. Hence, the clay was studied and appraised for its appropriateness for the manufacture of refractory fireclay brick. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated according to ASTM Standard Test Methods for fireclay refractories. Its chemical composition result indicated that it belongs to alumino-silicate group. Its refractoriness proved that it is a high duty (siliceous) refractory brick with refractoriness of 1621 °C equivalent to PCE Segar cone 26. It was sintered at varied sintering temperatures of 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1200 °C and 1100 °C. The sintering temperature of 1200 °C was found to be the best which significantly influenced the mechanical properties. The cold crushing strength was 15.37 MPa, apparent porosity was 24.52%, firing shrinkage was 7.5% and the bulk density was 1.9 g/cm3. The experimental result proved that the clay was suitable for production of refractory fireclay brick for furnace lining

Thermal assessment of kpata fireclay for refractory applications

This study focused on the thermal propertiesof the Kpata fireclay in order to look into its refractoriness. Thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal conductivity tests were carried out to analyse the fireclay’s thermal properties. The fireclay was also compacted and fired at various firing temperatures. The TGA result indicated that there was material weight loss at 0.26 mg, 0.56 mg and 1.74 mg at temperatures of 90.53 °C, 425.12 °C and 578.87 °C respectively. The DTA revealed that there were exothermic and endothermic material reactions.The Kpata fireclay also had a thermal conductivity of 0.33 K (W/m.k). Apparent porosity of fired fireclay showed that the porosity was reduced as firing temperature increased. These conditions indicated that Kpata fireclay has the possibility in refractory and insulating applications

Thermal Conductivity of Aloji Fireclay as Refractory Material

This investigation was concentrated on the thermal behavior and insulating property of the Aloji fireclay for its suitability of being used as refractory lining. The Aloji fireclay brick has thermal conductivity of 0.05 K (W/m.k). Heat capacity of the brick was 0.5 J/g 0C at the minimum temperature of 93.33 0C as compared to 0.3 J/g 0C obtained at the maximum temperature of 600 0C. The heat capacity of the clay showed that as temperature increases the heat capacity changes with phase changes. The clay sample was subjected to TG+DTA analysis. The clay sample as when exposed to thermal treatment exhibited some clay material degradation with evidence of endothermic and exothermic reactions.Â

Performance Assessment of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Aloji Fireclay Brick

This research evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of Aloji fireclay brick’s suitability for production of refractory fireclay brick as furnace linings. At the optimum sintering temperature of 1200 0C, the Aloji fireclay brick had apparent porosity value of 23.62 %, bulk density was 1.76 g/cm3, firing shrinkage value of 8.62 %, water absorption of 7.77 % and CCS was 15.8 MPa. It was observed that as the sintering temperatures were increased the porosity, bulk density, firing shrinkage and the CCS were linearly increased. This then means that the varied sintering temperatures have significant influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the Aloji fireclay brick

Effects of Acid Treatment on the SEM-EDX Characteristics of Kaolin Clay

Raw kaolin was refluxed by sulphuric acid in variable concentrations of 2 M, 4 M, 6 M and 8 M. The morphology and elemental compositions of the acid-leached kaolin were analyse by Field Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) respectively. The disintegration and leaching of Al3+ ions of the clay are determined by FESEM studies. The acid treatment increases the silicon content and decreases aluminium content as revealed by EDX analysis. The leaching of Al3+ ions increases with gradual increase in concentration of the acid. Therefore, kaolin reflux with acid at lower strength (2 M and 4 M) are more dispersed and more industrially useful than that which is treated at higher acid strength

Characterisation of Minerals and Other Properties of Mukah Coal

An increase in human population correlates with an increase in demand for energy. Coal has been a vital energy source for human populations for millennia, where it has played a major role in various industries, especially in the thermal-based industries. Coal is found in all three geographical provinces of Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah. However, at most, the widespread and abundant occurrences of coal are found in Sarawak, especially in Mukah. The age of the coal deposits found in Mukah has instigated research that focuses mainly on the characterization of minerals and other properties in the coal, where those findings could be used to propose coal usage in other types of industries. To achieve those objectives, this research starts with a theoretical approach by discussing the coalification process, followed by understanding the types of coal produced from this process. Basic coal analysis, visual inspection, proximate analysis, XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR analysis were done to achieve all the objectives. At the end of the research, it was found that the Mukah coal sample is denser and has a higher gold content compared to the commercial coal sample. It was seen that the commercial coal possessed a high caloric value compared to the Mukah coal. This may be due to the high moisture and silicone content in the coal sample as it is mined directly from the earth. Overall, the Mukah coal sample could be used for other industries, like the fertilizer industry, rather than just being used to generate electricity by burning

Optimization of wear and hardness of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy fabricated from recycled beverage can using response surface methodology

A novel X7475 (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) alloy was fabricated from recycled beverage cans (RBCs). Al was recovered from RBC. Zn and Mn were sourced from spent batteries, while Cu was sourced from copper wire. The weight percent (wt%) Zn was varied at 4, 4.5 and 5. Following the fabrication of rods, samples were taken through precipitation and artificial ageing at 475 °C and 145 °C respectively. The pin-on disc method within ASTM G99-17 was used for the wear test, while hardness post-mortem was done using ASTM E18 specifications. Wear mass loss (WML) and hardness were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The least WML of 0.017 g and maximum hardness of 142 HV were obtained from an alloy fabricated using 5 wt% Zn, when subjected to a load (L) of 30 N, speed (S) of 400 RPM and time (T) of 10 min. The MWL of 0.011 g and least hardness of 71 HV were observed in an alloy of 4 wt% Zn under a load of 20 N, with S, and T at 150 RPM and 6 min apiece. Formation of hardening precipitates like Al2CuMg, MgZn2 and CuAl2, were suggested to be responsible for the low WML and hardness observed in the alloys. The result confirmed the significant of the optimization model at a confident interval of 95% ( R2 = 0.9531). Additional experiment was suggested for correlating hardness with tensile strength